![]() ![]() The planetary protection team carefully sampled the surfaces and performed microbiology tests to demonstrate that each spacecraft meets requirements for biological cleanliness. ![]() Technicians assembling the spacecraft and preparing them for launch frequently cleaned surfaces by wiping them with an alcohol solution. Each Mars Exploration Rover complied with requirements to carry a total of no more than 300,000 bacterial spores on any surface from which the spores could get into the martian environment. The primary strategy for preventing contamination of Mars with Earth organisms is to be sure that the hardware intended to reach the planet is clean. The United States is a signatory to an international treaty that stipulates that exploration must be conducted in a manner that avoids harmful contamination of celestial bodies. ![]() In the study of whether Mars has had environments conducive to life, precautions are taken against introducing microbes from Earth. Planetary protection technologies are for cleaning and sterilizing spacecraft and handling soil, rock, and atmospheric samples. ![]()
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